how did the assassination of ferdinand lead to wwi

how did the assassination of ferdinand lead to wwi

Mehmedbai was (here quoting Albertini paraphrasing Mehmedbai) "eager to carry out an act of terrorism to revive the revolutionary spirit of Bosnia. But because of Franz Ferdinand's ill health in the 1890s, his younger brother Otto was regarded as more likely to . Prime Minister Pai received early information of the assassination plan. The shots fired 100 years ago by Gavrilo Princip were not fired at Europe, they were shots for freedom, marking the start of the Serbs' fight for liberation from foreign occupiers. The bronze medallion of Ferdinand and Sophie, which was part of a monument that was erected on the site of the assassination and demolished in 1918 during Yugoslav rule, is currently preserved in the Art Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Answer (1 of 21): To particularize the answer of William Smith: The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary was a nation in the process of falling apart slowly. [39], Serbian Military Intelligence through remnants of the "Black Hand" penetrated the Narodna Odbrana, using its clandestine tunnel to smuggle the assassins and their weapons from Belgrade to Sarajevo. As Serbian Education Minister Ljuba Jovanovi wrote in Krv Sloventsva, in late May or early June, Prime Minister Pai reviewed the plot of the impending assassination with members of his cabinet. In Tuzla, abrinovi bumped into one of his father's friends, Sarajevo Police Detective Ivan Vila, and struck up a conversation. It also helped the Germans, determined to prevent the allies from overthrowing them. Find out what happened in between these momentous events in this World War I timeline. Hitler sent it to the Berlin Zeughaus where it was put on display in the military museum until 1945 when it disappeared. The assassins and key members of the clandestine network were tried in Sarajevo in October 1914. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks and Croats largely view Gavrilo Princip as a terrorist and an ethnic Serb nationalist. On the 28 June, 1914, a 19 year old Serbian student Gavrillo Princip shot and killed Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of Franz Joseph, King of Austria Hungary. [128] Because Bosnia and Herzegovina had not yet been assigned to Austria or to Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister administered Bosnia and Herzegovina and had responsibility for recommending clemency to the Kaiser. When the motorcade passed by, its route having been published in advance, Cabrinovic asked which car carried the archduke. [48] The three assassins from Belgrade testified that Major Tankosi, directly and through Ciganovi, not only provided six hand grenades and four new Browning FN Model 1910 automatic pistols with .380 ACP ammunition,[47] but also money,[48] suicide pills,[49] training,[50] a special map with the location of gendarmes marked,[51] knowledge of contacts on a clandestine "tunnel" used to infiltrate agents and arms into Austria-Hungary,[52] and a small card authorizing the use of that tunnel. Here our car burns, and down there they will throw bombs at us. After arriving at a spa town a few miles outside of Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovinas capital, Ferdinand attended two days of military exercises while Sophie visited schools and orphanages. [132] The Austro-Hungarian peace demand gave added impetus to this plan. [131], For some time, Regent Alexander and officers loyal to him had planned to get rid of the military clique headed by Apis, as Apis represented a political threat to Alexander's power. Two shots in Sarajevo ignited the fires of war and drew Europe toward World War I. Serbia's monarchs, at the time from the royal House of Obrenovi that maintained close relations with Austria-Hungary, were content to reign within the borders set by the treaty. [11] Conspiracy to commit high treason carried a maximum sentence of death which conspiracy to commit simple murder did not. Meanwhile, seven Young Bosnians had fanned out along the Appel Quay, a main avenue in Sarajevo running parallel to the Miljacka River. ', "Narodna Odbrana (The Black Hand): Terrorist Faction that Divided the World", "Kosovo Myths: Karadi, Njego, and the Transformation of Serb Memory", "Why 1914 but Not Before? "The last time Europe had been in a general war was 90 years before this time period. The first day of the Battle of the Somme holds an infamous record . When pressed for why he risked the punishment of the law, and did not take the protection of the law against these threats he responded: "I was more afraid of terror than the law. [35], There are no reports as to what took place between Ili and Apis during the alleged meeting, but soon Apis's righthand man and fellow Black Hander, Serbian Major Vojislav Tankosi, who by this time was in charge of guerrilla training, called a Serbian irredentist planning meeting in Toulouse, France. [citation needed] Russia partially mobilized along its Austrian border on 29 July, and on 30 July Russia ordered general mobilization. Anti-Serb rioting broke out in Sarajevo and various other places within Austria-Hungary in the hours following the assassination until order was restored by the military. The consequences of his action were very bad for Bosnia. In fact, there's no account of him eating anything at the time and even if he were, sandwiches only became a common item in Eastern Europe until about 10 years after WWII ended. The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I. Post is fun and all, but people should be aware of the glaring historical inaccuracy here: Gavrilo Princip was not eating a sandwich when he shot Archduke Ferdinand. [36] Amongst those summoned to the Toulouse meeting was Muhamed Mehmedbai, a Bosniak carpenter from Herzegovina. Further along the route, Ili had placed Nedeljko abrinovi on the opposite side of the street near the Miljacka River, arming him with a bomb. Americans were split between whether it was a good decision or a bad idea that would only bring financial problems and the loss of American lives. The Black Hand had several assassins positioned along the route. On the morning of the 28th June 1914, a team of seven assassins lined the Appel Quay, in Sarajevo; patiently lying in wait for their quarry, the Archduke Franz Ferdinandheir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. World War I also redefined warfare, as weaponry and technology advanced at an eyeblink once the fighting began. [70], Ili began handing out the weapons on 27 June. The murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand outraged Austria-Hungary In June 1914, Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled to Bosniawhich had been annexed by. "[3] General Petrovi was then killed when Vojislav Tankosi organized the murders of Queen Draga's brothers. From late 1916 into early 1917, secret peace talks took place between Austria-Hungary and France. Sophie, Sophie, dont diestay alive for our children, Ferdinand murmured. "[136], As the three condemned men were driven to their execution, Apis remarked to the driver: "Now it is clear to me and clear to you too, that I am to be killed today by Serbian rifles solely because I organized the Sarajevo outrage. Popovi claimed that Ili recommended an end to the period of revolutionary organization building and a move to direct action against Austria-Hungary. Three weeks too young for the death penalty, Princip was given a. [110] On the night of the assassination, country-wide anti-Serb pogroms and demonstrations were also organized in other parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, particularly on the territory of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Many countries had strong interest to expand their empire by colonizing smaller countries. On the morning of Sunday 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin, arrived by train in the city of Sarajevo and joined a motorcade for the ride to the city hall. The next day, Serbian reservists being transported on tramp steamers on the Danube crossed onto the Austro-Hungarian side of the river at Temes-Kubin and Austro-Hungarian soldiers fired into the air to warn them off. The shot that rang out at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 plunged Europe into one of the most devastating wars in its history. As their allies got involved this conflict grew into World War I (WWI). While waiting for the sergeants to arrive, Princip and Grabe had a falling out with abrinovi over abrinovi's repeated violations of operational security. [146] Bilinski did not speak openly on the subject, but his press department chief confirmed that a meeting had taken place including a vague warning, but there was no mention of an ethnic Serb Austro-Hungarian soldier shooting Franz Ferdinand. In May, Gavrilo Princip, Trifko Grabez and Nedeljko Cabrinovic traveled to the Serbian capital of Belgrade, where they received six handheld bombs, four semi-automatic pistols and cyanide suicide capsules from members of the so-called Black Hand, a terrorist group with close ties to the Serbian army. [76] The bomb's timed detonator caused it to explode under the next car, putting that car out of action, leaving a 1-foot-diameter (0.30m), 6.5-inch-deep (170mm) crater,[75] and wounding 1620 people.[77]. The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I . Updated on August 21, 2019. A principal agreement was quickly reached, but the delivery of the weapons was delayed for more than a month. [22] Following the maneuvers, Ferdinand and his wife planned to visit Sarajevo to open the state museum in its new premises there. As Sophie, although of high aristocratic birth, was not from a dynastic family, her union with the Habsburg heir presumptive could only be a morganatic marriage. "[2] The attackers threw the corpses of King Alexander and Queen Draga out of a palace window, ending any threat that loyalists would mount a counterattack. The would-be assassins positioned themselves at intervals along the route. Subs offer. Governor-General Oskar Potiorek vetoed this suggestion[82] on the grounds that soldiers coming straight from maneuvers would not have the dress uniforms appropriate for such duties. Nationalism A. [114] The first anti-Serb demonstrations, led by the followers of Josip Frank, were organized in the early evening of 28 June in Zagreb. "[143] Jovanovi came back from the meeting with Bilinski and told Lejanin that "Bilinski showed no sign of attaching great importance to the total message and dismissed it limiting himself to remarking when saying goodbye and thanking him: 'Let us hope nothing does happen. [33], Danilo Ili was a Bosnian Serb. To the prepared text he added a few remarks about the day's events thanking the people of Sarajevo for their ovations "as I see in them an expression of their joy at the failure of the attempt at assassination. Serbia has no hand in it and cannot be held responsible for our deed." The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav ("Yugoslav") state. [1], This changed in May 1903, when Royal Serbian Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijevi stormed the Serbian Royal Palace. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the sparking event that caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and officially started the Great War. "Do you think that Sarajevo is full of assassins?" Many Serbs consider Princip a national hero. One hundred years ago today, the course of history changed in a single, violent instant. [69] Dedijer puts forward the thesis (citing Bogijevi) that Ili went to Brod to meet an emissary of Apis, Djuro arac, who had instructions to cancel the assassination and then later Rade Malobabi was dispatched from Serbia to Sarajevo to reauthorize the assassination. [53] Major Tankosi confirmed to the journalist and historian Luciano Magrini that he provided the bombs and pistols and was responsible for training Princip, Grabe, and abrinovi and that he (Tankosi) initiated the idea of the suicide pills. "It may be doubted whether the Archduke [is] worth all this carnage", the magazine wrote. It is there that I made up my mind sooner or later to perpetrate an outrage. [45] Princip, Grabe, and abrinovi testified at the Sarajevo trial that at about the same time (a little after Easter), they approached a fellow Bosnian Serb and former guerrilla fighter known to be well connected and with access to arms, Milan Ciganovi, and through him Major Tankosi and reached an agreement to receive arms and get smuggled across the Serbian border back into Bosnia with the weapons. The car in front of them was supposed to carry six specially trained officers but instead had only one, plus three local policemen. [83] In order to ensure the safety of the couple, General Oskar Potiorek decided that the imperial motorcade should travel straight along the Appel Quay to the Sarajevo Hospital so that they could avoid the crowded city center. By choosing a military loyalist to convey the message, and by not including any of the specifics such as the conspirators' names and weapons, Pai, a survivor, hedged his bets against the various possible outcomes and consequences of the impending assassination. Episode 3: When war broke out in August 1914, Britains regular army numbered only 250,000. [63], abrinovi's father was a Sarajevo police official. "It could have been a regional war. How did imperialism help lead to war? The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I. The archduke was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. Was it really a lunch-hour coincidence that led to the death of the Archduke in Sarajevo in 1914and, by extension, World War I? The immediate cause of the outbreak of the First World War was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, on 28 June 1914. Princip's weapon, along with the car in which the Archduke was riding, his bloodstained uniform and the chaise longue on which he died, are on permanent display in the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna, Austria. After Serbia's victory over Bulgaria in Macedonia in the Balkan Wars, the "Black Hand" became moribund because of the death of its president and the failure to replace him, an inactive secretary, casualties, broken links between its three-man cells, and a drying up of funding. After swallowing a cyanide pill which only made him sick, assassin Gavrilo Princip was dragged from an angry crowd and arrested for shooting Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. It worked. [134] How did the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand start WWI? [84][87] As a result, the Archduke's driver, Leopold Lojka,[88] took a right turn at the Latin Bridge just as the two drivers ahead of him. [38], According to Mehmedbai while he was traveling to Bosnia-Herzegovina from France, police searched his train for a thief. His name appeared in Serbian documents captured by Austria-Hungary during the war. Questioned at trial, Ili gave a confusing explanation of the reason for his trip, first saying he had gone to Brod to prevent the assassination and then saying he had returned to Sarajevo from Brod to prevent the assassination. [160] Princip went on to testify that, at about the time of Easter (19 April), he wrote an allegorical letter to Ili informing him of the plan to kill Franz Ferdinand. In this essay I am trying to see how much impact the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand had in the run up to war. We had the feeling towards 1914 that England was envying Germanys successes in industry and so on and that England wouldnt allow Germany to enlarge the fleet very much. / CBS News. [139] Serbia soon thereafter denied making warnings and denied knowledge of the plot. For the assassination Ili recruited seventeen-year-old Sarajevo high-school student Vaso ubrilovi, eighteen-year-old student Cvjetko Popovi, as well as Mehmed Mehmedbai, shortly after Orthodox Easter (as given by Dedijer: 19 April 1914), as testified by Ili, ubrilovi, and Popovi at the Sarajevo trial. Popovi, in turn, provided them with a letter to Serbian Captain Prvanovi, and filled out a form with the names of three customs officials whose identities they could assume and thereby receive discounted train tickets for the ride to Loznica, a small border town. Cvjetko Popovi, Gavrilo Princip, and Trifun Grabe failed to act as the motorcade passed them at high speed. Carlin also emphasizes that it was the response to the attack, not the attack itself, that caused World War I. Why did the Black Hand want to kill the Archduke? [26] A Slavic kingdom could have been a bulwark against Serb irredentism, and Franz Ferdinand was therefore perceived as a threat by those same irredentists. [186][183] The 100th anniversary of the assassination was commemorated with a concert by the Vienna Philharmonic in the Sarajevo City Hall, in an event that was organized by the European Union. "I mean the transformation in the mere four years was like technology on steroids.". 667 Words3 Pages. How could Serbia be brought into the affair?". A little later we got to know of the assassination at Sarajevo. Because of that 'I went to Loznica and either that day or very soon afterwards sent Rade and that teacher into Bosnia.' [188] Serbian history textbooks deny that Serbia or Princip were responsible for starting World War I,[186] laying blame on the Central Powers instead. He and Sophie then boarded a train for the short ride into Sarajevo. A Serbian nationalist group there was involved in the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, which directly triggered the outbreak of war. The local military commander, General Michael von Appel, proposed that troops line the intended route but was told that this would offend the loyal citizenry. Princip explained to the court he had already read about Franz Ferdinand's upcoming visit in German papers. The procession sped away towards the Town Hall leaving the disabled car behind. The public viewing of the coffins was curtailed severely and even more scandalously, Montenuovo tried unsuccessfully to make the children foot the bill. "[121] Another Narodna Odbrana agent, Mihajlo Jovanovi, also claimed to have been against the assassination. Voices of the First World War is a podcast series that reveals the impact the war had on everyone who lived through it through the stories of the men and women who were there. [100] These utterances were followed by a violent choking sound caused by hemorrhage. "I think theres this attitude a little bit that a terrorist attack caused all this, really it was a response to the terrorist attack that lead to everything after this," Carlin said. How did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to WW1? [99], After being shot, Sophie immediately fell unconscious and collapsed onto Franz Ferdinand's legs. But in 1914, the Habsburg family had ruled this empire for almost four centuries. Prime Minister Pai himself made these denials to Az Est on 7 July and to the Paris Edition of the New York Herald on 20 July. In fact, throughout the trip, Austro-Hungarian officials allegedly focused more attention on dinner menus than security details. "[98] Princip tried to shoot himself, but was immediately seized and arrested. ubrilovi stated to the court: "Princip glared at me and very forcefully said 'If you want to know, it is for that reason and we are going to carry out an assassination of the Heir and if you know about it, you have to be quiet. There was one loophole his wife could enjoy the recognition of his rank when he was acting in a military capacity. It was either the Liberals or the Conservatives screaming out for dreadnoughts. Formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire, Bosnia-Herzegovinas population was roughly 40 percent Serb, 30 percent Muslim and 20 percent Croat, with various other ethnicities making up the remainder. Hamburg had the German Derby. [183] This was followed by another statue in Belgrade, which was erected in June 2015. [28], On the morning of Sunday 28 June 1914, Ili positioned the six assassins along the motorcade route. [179][180] Austria-Hungary then declared war and mobilized the portion of its army that would face the (already mobilized) Serbian Army on 28 July 1914. In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia. The event triggered the start of World War. We were packed in the corridors like sardines and when we went through the various stations, soldiers were all lined up there waiting to go to the front. [83][84] This is confirmed by photographs of the scene outside the Town Hall. The Russians, coming to the aid of their fellow Slavs, declared war on Austria-Hungary. Even though most foreign royalty had planned to attend, they were pointedly disinvited and the funeral was just the immediate imperial family, with the dead couple's three children excluded from the few public ceremonies. The letter reminded Serbia of its commitment to respect the Great Powers' decision regarding Bosnia-Herzegovina, and to maintain good neighborly relations with Austria-Hungary. '"[144] The Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister took no action based on Jovanovi's remarks. The assassination team was helped by the Black Hand, a Serbian secret nationalist group; support came from Dragutin Dimitrijevi, at the time chief of the military intelligence section of the Serbian general staff, as well as from Major Vojislav Tankosi and Rade Malobabi, a Serbian intelligence agent. SARAJEVO, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. Under the guise of cultural activities, it operated to undermine the loyalty of Bosnian Serbs to the Habsburg regime. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the Royal Prince of Hungary and the Archduke of Austria-Este from 1896-1914. The first is specific, neatly pointing to a single eventthe assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. 6. By coincidence, Princip, Grabe and abrinovi boarded the same train for Sarajevo as Detective Vila. Austria-Hungary was furious and, with Germany's support, declared war on Serbia on July 28. In the 5 June 1914 report by the President of the Narodna Odbrana Boa Milanovi to Prime Minister Pai, one can sense the frustration of the President over the hijacking of his organization in the final sentence dealing with Sarajevo: "Boa has informed all the agents that they should not receive anyone unless he produces the password given by Boa."[63]. [102], There is a myth which states that Princip had eaten a sandwich at Schiller's delicatessen just prior to the shooting, but there are no primary sources from the time which mention this. The assassins met with Ciganovi and he put them off. But you have to imagine that John F Kennedy was shot at earlier in the day," Carlin told CBS News. According to Serbian Colonel C. A. Popovi, a captain at the time and a member of the Black Hand, in late 1913, Danilo Ili came to the Serbian listening post at Uice to speak to him. Why was Archduke Ferdinand important to Austria Hungary? Then, that night, as Mehmedbai told Albertini: "On the eve of the outrage Ili introduced me to Princip in a Sarajevo caf with the words 'Mehmedbai who to-morrow is to be with us. [4], The new dynasty was more nationalist, friendlier to Russia and less friendly to Austria-Hungary. We lost so much in 1918. Don't die! Franz Ferdinand, Sophie, Governor Potiorek, and Lieutenant Colonel Count Franz von Harrach rode in this third car. Cabrinovic jumped into the mostly dry riverbed and made a half-hearted attempt to kill himself before being apprehended. A failed assassination attempt. Instead of being a "flashbulb event . The spark that set off World War I came on June 28, 1914, when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria), in the city of Sarajevo. Going back to the years before I ever joined the Navy, 1908, one of the slogans were, politically: We want eight and we wont wait. The Legacy of Franz Ferdinand", This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 10:39. The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav ("Yugoslav") state. You can look at the historical records and see how Austria-Hungary cared about issues like the rule of law. With tensions already running high among Europes powers, the assassination precipitated a rapid descent into World War I. Our journey starts with an extremely promising omen, he purportedly said when the axles on his car overheated. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Trump met with early primary state GOP leaders, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated 100 years ago Saturday, which was the event that triggered World War I, Photograph shows Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863-1914) with his children ca/ 1910-14, 100 years since Ferdinand's death sparked WWI, Ukraine says it's ready if Russia tries to invade again from Belarus. Gavrilo Princip killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife . Live for our children!" Royal Navy officer Neville Harvey was at the Kiel Regatta a German sailing event in June 1914. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand gave the hardliners in Austria-Hungary the opportunity to take action against Serbia and put an end to their fight for independence. Once at his mother's house, Ili hid the weapons in a suitcase under a sofa. [91], After learning that the first assassination attempt had been unsuccessful, Princip thought about a position to assassinate the Archduke on his return journey, and decided to move to a position in front of a nearby food shop (Schiller's delicatessen), near the Latin Bridge. The information was received by Pai early enough, according to Education Minister Ljuba Jovanovi, for the government to order the border guards to prevent the assassins from crossing. Ethel McCann was visiting Germany when the assassination took place. Some serious personal misadventure might befall him. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to the "war to end all wars" because it set off a series of war declarations on numerous nations because of alliances that have been formed. Because European nations had numerous colonies around the world, the war soon became a global conflict. [97] According to Albertini, "the first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess. There is evidence that Russia was at least aware of the plot before 14 June. Franz and Sophia, minutes before catastrophe. At trial, abrinovi had expressed his regrets for the murders. One defendant died during the trial and the charges against him were dropped. On the way to the Town Hall, the first assassination attempt occurred. The neutrality was guaranteed by the Germans, by the French and by the English. The First World War began in the summer of 1914, shortly after the assassination of Austria's Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, and lasted more than four years, ending in 1918. The subsequent explosion wounded two army officers and several bystanders but left Ferdinand and Sophie essentially unharmed. After receiving a telegram of support from Russia, Serbia mobilized its army and responded to the letter by completely accepting point #8 demanding an end to the smuggling of weapons and punishment of the frontier officers who had assisted the assassins and completely accepting point #10 which demanded Serbia report the execution of the required measures as they were completed. [17] The five bullets eraji fired at Vareanin and the fatal bullet he put in his own brain made eraji an inspiration to future assassins, including Princip and Princip's accomplice abrinovi. This places the cabinet minister's discussions in late May and the information release to some time before that. "[118], Austro-Hungarian authorities arrested and prosecuted the Sarajevo assassins (except for Mehmedbai who had escaped to Montenegro and was released from police custody there to Serbia)[119] together with the agents and peasants who had assisted them on their way. These conflicts included a customs dispute with Austria-Hungary beginning in 1906 (commonly referred to as the "Pig War");[6] the Bosnian crisis of 19081909, in which Serbia assumed an attitude of protest over Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (ending in Serbian acquiescence without compensation in March 1909);[7] and finally the two Balkan Wars of 19121913, in which Serbia acquired Macedonia and Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire and drove out Bulgaria. Indeed, the building of a strong military presence becomes the overriding policy of the state, subordinating all other national interests. In late June 1914, a Serbian nationalist shoots dead the Austrian heirs to the throne. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated at Sarajevo. Following a banquet with religious and political leaders, only one day of events remained before Ferdinand and Sophie were to return home. Three weeks too young for the death penalty, Princip was given a 20-year sentence, but contracted tuberculosis and died in jail in April 1918, at the age of just 23.

How Many Members Does Saddleback Church Have, Average Commercial Rent Per Square Foot By Zip Code, Committee For Police Officers' Defense, Articles H