which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

your answer. The HIV care cascade model has been applied to the correctional system in order to identify disparities and improve performance at every stage along the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis to linkage and retention in care to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression (Figure 15). The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government. A. The _________ would be most involved in encouraging prisoners to participate in educational, vocational and treatment programs. The punishment device that held the prisoner in a sitting position, with feet and hands locked in a frame, was called the stocks. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The field of corrections is improving. In the typical noninstitutional medical setting, confidentiality in the context of healthcare is a protected entity under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Those officers who are responsible for supervising inmates in housing areas are called __________. A place where the same people work, eat, sleep and engage in recreation together day after day is called? A national survey of a parole board members said that the most important factors in the decision to grant or deny parole was the _________. Revocation hearings usually begin with a violation report prepared by the probation officer. Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). [29,30] Jails, prisons, and community corrections are important settings in which to test individuals for HIV, especially given that many persons involved with the criminal justice system may be hard to reach with routine community-based testing and incarcerated populations have a higher HIV prevalence than the general population. The case of__________supported the use of the death penalty if the State used guided discretionary capital statutes. Michel Foucalt, the French historian and philosopher, says that the purpose of the physical punishment was? Assist the inmate with scheduling an appointment with the community care provider. The first written laws of Rome were called? The ___________ was influenced by progressive beliefs that education and science were vehicles for controlling crime. A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a? [41] Fear of interpersonal violence, stigma, and lack of safety and privacy were cited as key reasons for HIV non-disclosure. Inmates under the care and custody of a local, state, or federal correctional authority are generally housed in one of two types of facilities - a local jail or a state or federal prison. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? The United States correctional system consists of local and tribal jails, state prisons, federal prisons, military and immigration facilities, and community correctional facilities, which includes probation and parole programs. [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibilty is called _____________. The process, however, remains slow and difficult, primarily because the necessary funding is simply not available. An executive act that removes both punishment and guilt is called a __________. The states of________,Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of communtity service. The case of Cruz v. Beto established the right of prisoners to have visits. An adult offender receives a verdict; a juvenile offender receives a? The numbers for each year represent a sample taken at one point in time and represent persons with diagnosed HIV. How can one compensate for the effects of price instability when constructing cost estimates using high-low or regression techniques? The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. In 2014, the mean annual wage for state correctional officers was ________. Officers who oversee the work of individual inmate work crews are called ____________. Persons with HIV who have incarceration periods for fewer than 7 days have the highest risk of treatment interruption; this is likely due to the chaotic nature of the jail setting, with rapid turnover, unpredictable lengths of stay, and lack of communication with regular care providers. True or False? Community corrections officers have some discretion in setting reporting requirements and the strictness of From the graph it has been observed that the functions grow exponentially. According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. Unions usually put the goals of the institution above the needs of individual officers. Barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy within the correctional setting include high rates of substance use and mental health disorders, lack of continuity of medical care, distrust of prison-based medical care, and concerns about confidentiality and safety. Note: the numbers listed do not match the total listed since parolees who were also on probation were not included in the total listed. [6]In the United States, from2008 through 2018, therewas an 8.6% decline in the total number of persons in prison and an 21.5% decrease in Black individuals who were in prison. The Supreme Court ruled in__________that it was unconstitutional and a violation of the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment to execute people for crimes that were committed before turning age 18. consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. On June 19, 2002, the Supreme Court held in_______that the execution of the mentally retarded is cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. As of year-end 2016, the United States had approximately 2.2 million persons housed in correctional facilities and had an incarcerated population that exceeded that of all other countries, in large part due to the justice system's approach to illegal drugs. What is the reason why the Eighth Amendment has done little to protect inmates from staff brutality? Many of the barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy within prison are similar to those outside the correctional system. They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons. Entering the ________ of a prison means finding in the diverse environment of the institution a niche that will accommodate an inmate's unique combination of needs. A correctional officer who provides commodities to the inmate population is a called a ________. Parole and probation, taken together with other forms of non-prison sanctions, are called community corrections. The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called? Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called ____________. Which of the following is NOT a value or norm of the convict code? Antiretroviral medications are expensive and insurance no longer covers these medications after conviction; annual budgets in small- to moderate-sized jails are often too small to support payment for antiretroviral medications for even a limited number of persons with HIV. [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. This graphic represents systematic review and data synthesis compiled up to January 13, 2015. Pretrial officers utilize discretion in making pretrial release decisions. The ___________ constantly finds problems with the way the institution is run or with existing policies and rules. The workforce at most prisons is not organized into unions. Option B is correct. "America is the land of the second chance and when the gates of the prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life", was said by_______________. Intensive supervision probation(ISP) involves? answer choices. Buyers cannot move . [41] In a small exploratory study of 42 men and transgender women with HIV who were recently released from correctional centers in Illinois, only about one-half of the men said they reported their HIV status at jail or prison entry and some study participants only disclosed their HIV status to the correctional officers when their health deteriorated. [26,49], Maintaining confidentiality in jails and prisons can be challenging since the health information of prisoners is not always considered a protected entity. "The taking on of the ways, mores, customs and general culture of the penitentiary" is known as? Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons. b) They represent a minor percentage of staff members in a prison. Most systems provide 30 days or less of antiretroviral medications, which is problematic since the wait time for an appointment at many community clinics often exceeds a month. Community corrections refers to adults on probation or parole. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. A jury found Murdaugh guilty of murdering his wife and son. The rates of inmate suicide are far higher than the national averages, and even higher still for special populations (including juvenile and LGBTI inmates), even corrections officers have a much greater occupational suicide rate. Based ONLY on the paragraph above, which one of the following statements is the most accurate? What is defined as the process by which an inmate becomes socialized into the customs and principles of the inmate society? Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? Approximately_________of women were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of their arrest. [12] The same meta-analysis noted above in the Georgia state prison system also reported an intra-prison HCV transmission rate of 0.75 per 100 person-years, which was significantly higher than the intra-prison HIV rate. The functions are and. signed by an officer. If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? The court held that a potential juror's mere reservation about the death penalty was insufficient grounds to prevent that person from serving on the jury in a death penalty case in? In a retrospective review involving 882 prisoners with HIV in the Connecticut Department of Corrections system, virologic suppression (less than 400 copies/mL) improved from 29.8% at entry to 70.0% by release. The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests. [18], It is important to recognize the overlap of incarceration and HIV, particularly for low-income people of color. Fails when it's ill conceived and/or not implemented as designed. Adult offenders have trials; juvenile offenders have? A method the U.S. Supreme Court uses to decide prisoner's rights cases, weighing the rights claimed by inmates against the legitimate needs of prisons is called the__________? The belief that inmate subcultures develop in response to the deprivations in prison life is called? The nation's best-known prison hospice program is the one at? A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? The _______ likes to give orders and seems to enjoy the feeling of power that comes from ordering inmates around. A previous judicial decision that judges should consider in deciding future cases is called? Prison construction is estimated to be at______a year. The "Founder of Probation" is John Augustus. a. Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. The term ________ is defined as the reduction of the original sentence given by executive authority, usually a state's governor. 2015;42:643-9. 2015;105:e5-16. [41] The 2009 CDC document on HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings provides specific recommendations on management of persons newly diagnosed in a correctional facility, including recommendations that address immediate clinical management issues and linkage to appropriate medical care during incarceration. A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a ____________. The transition from a correctional facility to the community is a critical event for inmates with HIV. [46] In the prison setting, unique barriers to antiretroviral adherence exist, such as frequent transfers between facilities or assignments within the facility that can interfere with continuity of care. As noted earlier, other non-HIV-related chronic medical conditions may also complicate care. [69,70] Adherence counseling is particularly important, as studies have demonstrated that adherence to antiretroviral therapy is low in persons who have experienced multiple incarcerations. Research has shown that face-to-face contact before release results in increased likelihood of continuity in the community. The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditional upon some form of counter-performance by the defendant is called? Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? Which of the following is NOT one of these interests? Further, efforts to cohort HIV-seropositive inmates also have in some cases led to adverse health outcomes, due to close proximity of multiple persons with immune suppression. [26] Fewer than 30% of persons with HIV in the United States who enter the correctional system do so with an undetectable HIV RNA level. This system called for silence but allowed the inmated to work together in groups. The court held that prison officials could not lawfully demonstrate deliberate indifference to the medical needs of prisoners in the case of? Reward power. In the case of_______, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to sentence a 15-year-old to death. Brutality is normally construed as a tort rather than a constitutional issue. [4,5] According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at the end of 2016 the United States had approximately 2,162,400 adults in correctional facilities. Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. Source: Carson EA. Constitutional rights of inmates may be restricted by all except? The use of___________in corrections and public policy is now considered the gold standard for policy and program development. The region of the country with the highest number of parolees is the ___________. Branding as a punishment for a crime was never practiced in the American colonies. Some officers become alienated, cynical, and withdrawn. Collaborate with state and local offices administering benefit and entitlement programs to facilitate pre-release applications and benefit reinstatements. Emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison overcrowding are called? Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . Which of the following statements regarding prison subcultures is true? [76] At the end of 2016, approximately 4.5 million adults in the United States were in community corrections (Figure 17). To this end, we subscribe to the following principles. The privacy of the individual inmate should be protected to the greatest extent possible, which typically means that medical interviews of inmates should be conducted out of earshot of correctional officers, and the disclosure of protected health information should be limited to situations that directly impact the health and safety of other inmates and/or correctional staff.[51]. These data are for persons 18 years of age and older. The majority of inmates in the Federal Bureau of Prisons have been convicted of _____. [47] Financial barriers also prevent timely initiation or continuation of antiretroviral therapy in correctional settings. Quiz Grade 2. [33] One analysis, based on total antiretroviral sales in correctional facilities,found a substantial unmet need for HIV treatment in state and federal facilities, highlighting a major treatment gap. Explain This has never been shown to be true, and facilities in the United States now do not usethis HIV cohorting stigmatizing practice.[53]. Which of the following is NOT one of those states? Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), The National HIV Curriculum is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $1,021,448 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. The term Lex Talionis means "Let the punishment be just". Therefore, the functions are exponential. The first reformatory for young men opened at ______________. [10] Unfortunately, few correctional facilities currently offer medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction, and many inmates continue to use illicit drugs while incarcerated if they are able to access the drugs. What items most often assumes the symbolic value of money in the sub-rosa economy of a prison? Stress to inmates the importance of attending their first scheduled appointment in the community, and the appointment should be as early as possible after release. The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. __ A case that involves one person who has a dispute with another person or entity. Women make up ______ percent of the parole population. According to the philosopher, the duration of a 'second' is precise. B. Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. A. In some states, if you are convicted of a felony it is grounds for an uncontested divorce. Corrections Departments by State. After release drop offs occur at every step of the HIV care cascade; linkage to HIV care and programs for reentry into HIV care are very important. The most common sexually transmitted disease, one which affects the eyes and lungs, is? The power, right or authority of a court to interpret and apply the law is called? The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President__________________. Some terms may not be used. A device consisting of nine knotted cords fastened to a wooden handle used for whipping a convicted subject was a Cat-o'-nine tails. After the American Revolution, England sent its prisoners to Scotland. Prisons, or institutions in which large numbers of convicted offenders spend time as punishment for crimes, are over a thousand years old. . HIV Testing Implementation Guidance for Correctional Settings. Instant death was usually reserved for members of the poorer classses and not the nobility. Utilitarian ethics is a normative ethical system that is primarily concerned with the consequences of ethical decisions; therefore it can be described as a. teleological theory or consequentialist theory. In the United States, the HIV prevalence among incarcerated individuals is 1.3%, which is more than three times higher than among the general population. The earliest date on which an inmate might be paroled is called his _____________. True or False? Majors, captains and correctional officers charged with maintaining order and security are called_____________. All of these infection control strategies would also provide an opportunity to address prevention of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is important given that as many as 41% of inmates have chronic HCV. The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? Option A is correct. Officers enforce regulations through effective communication and the use of progressive sanctions, which involve punishments, such as loss of privileges. If a prosecutor drops charges after filing them, it is called? [4] Among all persons in prisons, the state prisons account for nearly 90% of those in prison and the majority are males (Figure 6). The key to curbing recidivism of people who are mentally ill is to expand_______________into jails and prisons so that inmates can begin therapy the moment they walk into custody? [7] The relatively high HIV seropositivity rates among incarcerated women has been associated with higher rates of specific HIV risk factors, including past sexual abuse, exchange of sex for drugs or money, multiple sex partners, low rates of condom use, and injection drug use. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. After release from prison or jail into the general community, persons with HIV may engage in sex activities that may increase their risk of transmitting HIV to others, particularly with their pre-incarceration sex partners. Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware 2.2 Utilitarian Ethics. [6], In the United States, during the years 1991-2015 the annual number of persons with diagnosed HIV in state or federal prisons ranged from a high of 25,976 in 1998 to a low of 17,146 in 2015; from 1998 to 2015 the number and rate of persons with HIV in state or federal prisons declined (Figure 8). This problem has been solved! The principle that the highest objective of public policy is the greatest happiness for the largest number of people is called? At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were white. answer choices Home confinement They can replace any officer who is absent. The patterns of behavior expected of correctional staff members in particular jobs are called__________. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. If appointments cannot be made in advance, make walk-in arrangements with clinical providers. Court will convene at 9:30 a.m. Funding to various correctional agencies has been cut since 9/11 and has been allocated to? A jail where inmates are housed in small groups or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with the inmates is called a Second-Generation Jail. Most, though not all, death row inmates spend_______hours a day in their cell. A person's race is a simple biological fact, and not a social construct. France transported many of its criminals to Devil's Island. Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. What Latin term is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? Assume as in parts (a), (b), and ( c) that two shots will be awarded. The major Code of Ethics governing the field of corrections was created? Because of limited access to HIV specialists, some prison systems have attempted to cohort persons with HIV in one or two facilities that have the easiest access to the specialists they needed. A due process hearing that must be conducted to determine whether the conditions of probation have been violated is called? A crime punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for a year or more is called a? Unfortunately, this practice limits inmates with HIV from transferring to facilities that may have unique work or school programs, and may result in persons with HIV being imprisoned far from visitors, thereby limiting or preventing visitations. Cognitive Psychology Overview of Theory. The case of Gates v. Rowland dealt with the issue of? August 24, 2017. Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing player in order to stop the game clock. A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilties, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector is called? In addition to charging inmates housing and medical co-pay fees as a way to offset jail operations, some jurisdictions have added pay-to-stay jails. Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly American. These data are from correctional facilities in 59 CDC-funded Health Department jurisdictions. officer's supervisor. [20] The immediate clinical management issues that should be addressed include HIV prevention counseling, referral for mental health treatment if needed, initial evaluation and staging of HIV, and referral for HIV treatment (Table 1). Captain Maconochie would have preferred an _________ sentencing model. You seem to have a popup blocker enabled. that an officer had to run to a squad car for a chain cutter. By law, antiretroviral therapy must be available to all inmates who have HIV. Upon Assume that the Portland Trail Blazers center makes 58%58\%58% of his free-throw shots. The "poorhouse of the twentieth century" are? [9,22,23] A large meta-analysis estimated the incidence of transmission of viral infections within prisons and found rates of 0.08 per 100 person-years with HIV. Inmates' belief that a correctional officer can and will punish disobedience gives the officer __________. ___________are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before and after conviction. The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was ___________. These cases typically involve police officers, jailers, correctional officers, probation officers, prosecutors, judges, and other federal, state, or local law enforcement officials. Zebulon Brockway was the first superintendent of ____________. [14,15], In the United States, the absolute number of men with HIV in state or federal prisons is consistently greater than the number of women by a ratio of more than 10 to 1, which is not surprising given the prison population is predominantly male. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environmentspecifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. For more information, please visit, Current Version: nhivc-master-1b053ef6-2023-03-04-171837, Antiretroviral Medications and Initial Therapy, Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Medications, Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Medications, Switching or Simplifying Antiretroviral Therapy, Evaluation and Management of Virologic Failure, Preventing HIV Transmission in Persons with HIV, HIV in Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations, HIV in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations, Persons Incarcerated in Prisons or Jails at Single Point in Time, Persons Incarcerated in Prisons or Jails Over Time, Global Prison Population Totals, by Country, 2018, Estimated Number of Incarcerated Adults in United States, 1980 through 2016, Estimated Number of Incarcerated Adults in United States, by Correctional Status, 1980 through 2016, Persons Under the Jurisdiction of State or Federal Correctional Authorities, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons in Prison, by State or Federal Corrections, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons in Prison, by Sex, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons Under the Jurisdiction of State or Federal Correctional Authorities, by Race, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons with HIV (and HIV Rate) per 100,000 in State and Federal Prisons Combined, 19912015, Persons in Prison with HIV in State Versus Federal Prisons, 19912015, Estimated Number and Percentage of Persons with HIV in State and Federal Prisons, by Sex, United States, 2010 through 2015, HIV Testing Practices During the Prison Intake Process, 2011 and 2015, CDC-Funded HIV Testing in Correctional Facilities and Percentage HIV Positive, United States, 2009-2013, Number of Persons in Correctional Facilities Newly Diagnosed with HIV and Percentage Linked to Medical Care, United States, 2009-2013, The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration, Number of AIDS-Related Deaths Among Persons in State Prisons, 19912015, Estimated Number of Persons Supervised by United States Adult Correctional Systems, by Correctional Status, 2016, Enter the e-mail address of the recipient, Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine, Injectable Formulation, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Stanford University: HIV Drug Resistance Database, HHS: Adult and Adolescent OI Prevention and Treatment Guidelines, HHS: Pediatric OI Prevention and Treatment Guidelines, CDC & HHS: Nonoccupational PEP Guidelines, CDC: Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis of HIV, UCSF: Guidelines for Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People, Overview of United States Correctional System, Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV in Correctional Setting, Gender Differences in HIV Prevalence in Prisons, Racial Disparities in HIV Prevalence in Prisons, Prevention of Intra-Prison Transmission of HIV, HCV, and HBV, HIV Testing Practices in Correctional Facilities, Studies of HIV Testing in Correctional Facilities, Linkage to HIV Medical Care and Referral to Partner Services, Antiretroviral Therapy in the Correctional Setting, Initiation and Continuation of Antiretroviral Therapy, Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Success in Correctional Settings, Access to Antiretroviral Therapy in Correctional Settings, HIV Care Cascade and Outcomes in the Correctional Setting, Maintaining Confidentiality in the Correctional Setting, Privacy and Confidentiality in Correctional Settings, Chronic Medical Conditions Among Inmates Living with HIV, Use of Telemedicine for HIV Care in Correctional Settings, Transition from the Correctional Setting to the Community, Community Oriented Correctional Health Services, University of Washington School of Nursing, Compare rates of HIV among the incarcerated population and the general population in the United States, Describe issues related to HIV medication administration and adherence within correctional facilities, Summarize recommendations for linking persons with HIV to clinical care after release from a correctional facility.

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